1. Poor operation of fuel injectors
Poor atomization or oil dripping of the fuel injector is particularly noticeable at low speeds in diesel engines, where smoke increases at lower speeds. The fuel injector components should be cleaned, ground, or replaced separately.
2. Improper adjustment of fuel supply advance angle
If the fuel supply advance angle is too small, the afterburning will increase, and the fuel cannot be completely burned, forming carbon smoke and being discharged, causing black smoke in the exhaust. The fuel supply advance angle should be adjusted to the appropriate position.
3. Excessive fuel supply from fuel injection pump
Excessive fuel supply results in continuous black smoke emission, and the larger the throttle, the greater the black smoke emission. The reason for the excessive fuel supply is that there was an error in the calibration of the fuel injection pump, resulting in excessive fuel supply; The oil pump oil quantity adjustment screw is loose, causing an increase in oil quantity; The smoke limiter falls off and emits excessive black smoke during startup.
4. Air filter blockage
After the air filter element is blocked, the intake volume of the diesel engine decreases, and the same amount of diesel is injected into the cylinder. There is not enough air to mix with it, and the diesel cannot burn fully, producing black smoke. The air filter element should be replaced.
5. Diesel engine overload
When the vehicle accelerates or climbs a hill, the amount of diesel injected into the combustion chamber increases, leading to local insufficient air combustion. Under high temperature, high pressure, and oxygen deficiency, diesel decomposes and aggregates into soot, which is emitted with the exhaust gas. Overloading during vehicle operation should be avoided as much as possible.
6. Poor diesel quality
Diesel engines use low-quality diesel or contain other impurities in the fuel, resulting in incomplete combustion and black smoke emissions.
In addition, the diesel engine will emit black smoke if the compression ratio is not enough, the valve clearance is too large or too small, the valve is sticky or the sealing between the valve and the valve seat is not tight, and the piston ring and cylinder liner are worn. Therefore, when making judgments, it is necessary to analyze the symptoms and promptly eliminate faults.
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